There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood sugar levels are at a normal level, which is to prevent complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy and prevention of complications.
Diabetes diet is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and cope with the symptoms. Yes, you will have to radically reconsider your diet and diet. Yes, you have to give up sweets and fats. And yes, there will be many restrictions in your diet. Aren't you inspired by the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread all your life? Don't be upset!
The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods containing carbohydrates are conditionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and lead to an immediate increase in blood sugar. These are all kinds of cakes, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereals. Their use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are digested within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will need to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, radishes, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, Swedes, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherries, pears, peaches, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackcurrants, gooseberries, blueberries, sweet varieties of apples can be eaten, but in limited quantities. From the diet you will need to sharply limit potatoes and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes and dried fruits.
Of great importance are dietary fiber, which is contained in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If giving up sweets is difficult to tolerate, your doctor will advise you on which sugar substitutes are best used in each case and in what quantity.
Fat
The amount of animal fat is reduced in the diet. This is especially true for refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You cannot eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other offal). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You can't completely give up fat, without it you won't get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should represent 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
squirrels
Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet, while reducing the amount of fat and carbohydrates.
You need to get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, eggs, cottage cheese and other dairy products are recommended, as well as legumes and proteins from specialized SBCS products.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget about fried, smoked and salty. The products must be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes a balanced absorption of carbohydrates and helps to avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should represent 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for the second dinner - 5-10%.
- It is recommended that you eat at the same time, strictly following the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of food should be approximately the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regimen recommended by the doctor.
A sensible, balanced approach to nutrition is at the heart of good health in diabetes. Remember about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.